Association Between Diabetes and Peri-Implantitis: Evidence From a Swedish Register-Based Study

To evaluate the association between diabetes (types 1 and 2) and peri-implantitis through a register-based cohort study.

Four groups of individuals with dental implants were identified using multiple Swedish nationwide registers-two groups with diabetes (type 1, T1D; type 2, T2D) and two groups without diabetes (non-T1D, non-T2D). Longitudinal data from 2010 to 2020 were analysed. Peri-implantitis was defined as any registered treatment of peri-implantitis. Prevalence of peri-implantitis (n = 18,975) was evaluated using covariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses. Incidence (n = 2030) was compared using survival analyses across groups matched by age, gender, education, income and the number of implants, through propensity scores.

Peri-implantitis was more frequent among those with T1D compared to non-T1D (21.1% vs. 15.2%; OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05-2.04), whereas the prevalence was similar in T2D and non-T2D (20.5% vs. 18.2%; OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98-1.16). The hazard ratios for incident peri-implantitis were 1.52 (95% CI: 0.96-2.42) and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.02-1.82) for T1D and T2D, respectively.

T1D and T2D were associated with a higher risk for peri-implantitis. While the elevated risk for peri-implantitis in T1D was particularly apparent in prevalence estimates, the association for T2D was evident mainly in terms of incidence.