Leptin in colorectal cancer: literature review

The aim of this review was to review and summarize the current evidence regarding the expression and role of leptin and its receptor (LEPR) in colorectal cancer (CRC). This includes discussing their involvement in carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis, as well as assessing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

We conducted a scoping literature review using several databases. We included studies in English or French that analyzed the expression of leptin and LEPR in the serum or tissue of CRC patients. Additionally, the GEPIA2 platform was employed to investigate the association between leptin and LEPR expression levels and overall survival, as well as their expression across pathological stages and microsatellite subtypes in CRC.

A total of 76 eligible studies published between 1994 and 2024 were included. Analyses through immunohistochemical methods, transcriptomics, and serum measurements indicated elevated expression of leptin and LEPR in CRC. However, findings regarding their prognostic value varied: some studies reported a link between high leptin and LEPR levels and poor prognosis, while others found no correlation or even suggested favorable outcomes. This variability in results can be attributed to differences in methodology, patient diversity, and genetic polymorphisms.

The leptin-LEPR system seems to play a significant role in the development and progression of CRC, but its exact prognostic impact remains uncertain due to inconsistent findings. Further standardized and large-scale studies are necessary to clarify its clinical relevance. The leptin-LEPR axis shows promise as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target, particularly in the context of obesity-related CRC.