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Related Concept Videos

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Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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High-Precision, Low-Threshold Neuromodulation With Ultraflexible Electrode Arrays for Brain-to-Brain Interfaces.

Yifei Ye1, Ye Tian1,2, Haifeng Liu3

  • 12020 X-Lab Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China.

Exploration (Beijing, China)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an ultraflexible electrode array for precise neuromodulation. This technology enables low-current neural stimulation and recording, paving the way for advanced brain-computer interfaces and interspecies communication.

Keywords:
brain computer interfacebrain‐to‐brain interfaceflexible electrode arrayneural interfaceneuromodulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Neuromodulation is vital for neuroscience and neurological disorder treatment.
  • Traditional rigid electrodes present limitations like high currents, low precision, and tissue damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biocompatible, ultraflexible electrode array for advanced neuromodulation.
  • To enable precise neural recording and low-threshold, high-precision stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a biocompatible ultraflexible electrode array with densely packed microelectrodes.
  • Testing the array for neural recording of spike firings and low-current stimulation of mouse behavior.
  • Establishing a brain-to-brain interface system for human-to-mouse control.

Main Results:

  • Effective induction of mouse turning behavior with low stimulating current (~5 µA).
  • High-precision stimulation targeting specific brain areas, enabling selective control.
  • Stable neural recordings after extended stimulation, confirming electrode durability and biocompatibility.
  • Successful demonstration of a brain-to-brain interface controlling mouse behavior via human commands.

Conclusions:

  • The ultraflexible electrode array offers a significant advancement in neuromodulation technology.
  • This technology facilitates precise, low-current neural stimulation and recording, minimizing tissue damage.
  • The developed brain-to-brain interface opens new possibilities for interspecies communication and advanced neurological therapies.