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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Auxin-Regulated PAHs Absorption in Wheat Roots: Insights from Kinetics, Enzymatic Activity, and Transcriptomic

Dongru Wang1, Qiurun Feng1, Shuilin Zhu1

  • 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China.

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Plant hormones called auxins influence how wheat roots absorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study identifies optimal auxin concentrations and reveals molecular mechanisms, aiding phytoremediation and food safety.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Auxins are crucial for plant development.
  • The role of auxins in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) uptake by plants is largely unknown.
  • Understanding PAH absorption mechanisms is vital for environmental remediation and food safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous auxins and their antagonists on PAH absorption in wheat roots.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying auxin-mediated PAH transport.
  • To provide a theoretical basis for improving phytoremediation strategies and ensuring food safety.

Main Methods:

  • Wheat root experiments with various auxin concentrations (indole-3-acetic acid, PCIB, 2-NAA, 1-NAA).
  • Analysis of PAH uptake kinetics using Elovich and Michaelis-Menten models.
  • Gene expression analysis (TaHA1, SAUR, ABC families) and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity assays.
  • Transcriptome analysis to identify enriched pathways.

Main Results:

  • Optimal regulatory concentrations for auxins were determined (e.g., 100 μmol L-1 for IAA, 10 μmol L-1 for 1-NAA).
  • PAH uptake kinetics followed the Elovich and Michaelis-Menten models.
  • Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-NAA upregulated TaHA1 expression and activated H+-ATPase, enhancing H+-coupled PAH uptake.
  • Auxin cotreatment enriched plant hormone signal transduction and ABC transporter pathways, regulating SAUR and ABC genes.

Conclusions:

  • Auxins significantly regulate PAH absorption in wheat roots through coordinated molecular mechanisms.
  • Activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and regulation of specific gene families are key to auxin-mediated PAH transport.
  • Findings support the use of auxins in phytoremediation and enhancing food safety by controlling PAH uptake.