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Tear Film-Based Diagnostics and Emerging Tissue Engineering Approaches in Personalized Dry Eye Disease Management
Vineet Joshi1,2, Sonali Mohapatra1,3, Mahi Al Ahmad Dar1
1Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
Seminars in Ophthalmology
|August 28, 2025
Summary
Point-of-care diagnostic kits for dry eye disease (DED) show promise, but current options have limitations. Emerging technologies like multiplex biomarker panels and biosensors offer potential for more precise, personalized DED diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Biomedical Diagnostics
- Point-of-Care Testing
Background:
- Dry eye disease (DED) presents with symptoms like irritation and visual disturbance, significantly impacting quality of life.
- Accurate diagnosis of DED is crucial for effective management and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically evaluate current point-of-care (POC) diagnostic kits for DED.
- To explore emerging technologies for improved precision and personalized management of DED.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature survey (2010-2025) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Identified studies focused on DED pathophysiology, tear film biomarkers, and commercially available diagnostic systems, including osmolarity and biomarker assays.
Main Results:
- Osmolarity-based kits offer rapid DED insights but face limitations like environmental variability and cost.
- Biomarker-based kits (e.g., MMP-9, lactoferrin) improve specificity by targeting ocular inflammation and dysfunction.
- Emerging technologies like multiplex immunoassays and nanobiosensors promise multi-analyte detection and precise disease stratification.
Conclusions:
- Current DED diagnostic kits aid early detection but are limited by single parameters, reproducibility, and cost.
- Combining multiplex biomarker panels, biosensors, and organ-on-chip models offers a promising avenue for precision DED diagnostics.
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