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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

Environmental Chemical Exposures in Boxer Dogs With Multicentric Lymphoma.

Samantha L Braman¹, Hannah M Peterson¹, Ashleigh N Tindle¹

¹Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

|August 28, 2025

Summary

Multicentric lymphoma in dogs may be linked to benzene exposure. Further research could explore indoor air filtration and houseplants to mitigate risks for canine lymphoma.

Keywords:

benzene canine multicentric lymphoma non‐Hodgkin lymphoma urbanity volatile organic compounds

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Oncology
Environmental Toxicology
Canine Health

Background:

Multicentric lymphoma (ML) in dogs shares similarities with human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Previous studies linked NHL to herbicides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but direct exposure data in canine ML is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between ML in pet dogs and exposure to specific herbicides and VOCs.
To explore potential environmental risk factors contributing to canine lymphoma.

Main Methods:

A prospective case-control study involving 20 boxer dogs with ML and 20 healthy controls.
Collected dog urine, drinking water, and household air samples for chemical analysis (herbicides, VOCs).
Assessed environmental factors using questionnaires and assigned Area Deprivation Indices (ADI) and Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC).

Main Results:

Dogs with ML were more likely to reside in urban areas.
Higher urinary concentrations of the benzene metabolite S-phenylmercapturic acid (PHMA) were found in dogs with ML.
Increased odds of exposure to another benzene metabolite (MUCA) were observed in ML cases, even after accounting for urbanicity.

Conclusions:

ML in boxers may be associated with benzene exposure.
If causative, indoor benzene exposure could potentially be reduced through activated carbon air filtration and specific houseplants.