Expert Opinion on Handcycling Classification: A Delphi Study Based on Scientific Evidence

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Paralympic Classification
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Paralympic sport classification systems strive to ensure fair competition by minimizing impairment effects.
• Recent scientific advancements offer opportunities to refine handcycling classification criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To achieve expert panel consensus on scientific findings impacting handcycling classification.
• To identify areas of agreement and disagreement for future classification development.

Main Methods:

• An international expert panel (n=53) participated in three rounds of online questionnaires.
• The panel included para-cyclists, coaches, managers, classifiers, and researchers.
• Questionnaire rounds were iterative, incorporating feedback from previous rounds.

Main Results:

• Consensus achieved on incorporating upper-limb, shoulder, and lower-limb function in classification.
• No consensus reached regarding the role of trunk function, hand function, or equipment settings.
• Identified key areas for future research and refinement in handcycling classification.

Conclusions:

• Handcycling classification requires integrating recent findings and achieving consensus.
• Further research into trunk function, hand function, and equipment is necessary.
• Developing an evidence-based system necessitates addressing remaining controversial topics to reduce subjective decision-making.