Early proteomic response in thyroid gland after 131I administration in female Balb/c mice

131I (iodide) accumulates in the thyroid and may affect thyroid tissue. Mechanisms behind such effects are not known. The aim was to investigate early changes in protein expression in thyroid and plasma from mice injected with 131I as iodide. Female Balb/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 0 or 490 kBq 131I and killed after 24 h. Thyroid and blood samples were collected from each animal. Protein levels were determined by mass spectrometry. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD062861. Altogether, 17 and 20 proteins showed statistically significant altered levels in thyroid gland and plasma, respectively, after 131I exposure. Most of these proteins had decreased and increased levels in thyroid and plasma, respectively. Few of them were previously proposed radiation responsive proteins. Functional annotation suggests impact on haematopoiesis, reduced oxygen levels, and hypothyroidism. The role of CHIA and PGAM2 in radiation-induced response should be further examined, together with identification and validation of biomarkers of 131I exposure.