Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Atomic Real-Space Imaging of the Phase Distribution in Halide Perovskites
Mengmeng Ma1,2, Jiayi Zhang1,2, Xuliang Zhang1,2
1Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
Abstract:
Crystalline materials are not perfectly ordered periodic structures but present obvious disordered characteristics, which determine their intrinsic properties. Halide perovskites typically consist of ordered and disordered phases due to continuous octahedral rotations among the α, β, and γ phases. However, unraveling the spatial phase distribution requires a real-space imaging method with sufficient resolution. Here, we apply low-dose electron microscopy to study the rotation angle phase distribution in perovskites and reveal the factors affecting the phase structure and spatial distribution. Phase structures can be quantified by measuring the rotational angles of octahedra atomically. Then, we investigate how crystal size, temperature, surface, and interface structures affect the spatial phase distribution. These results provide local structural information about the phase distribution in halide perovskites for further applications and provide crucial insights into the ordered and disordered nature of crystalline materials in real space.
Related Concept Videos
Phase Diagrams
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution
Phase Diagram
Phase Diagram
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

