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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
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A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

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Multiomic clocks to predict phenotypic age in mice.

Daniel L Vera1,2, Patrick T Griffin3, David Leigh3

  • 1VoLo Foundation, Palm Beach, Florida, United States.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new mouse phenotypic age model (Mouse PhenoAge) to assess aging. This model accurately predicts mortality and remaining lifespan in mice, reducing the need for lengthy survival studies.

Keywords:
Biological ageDNA methylationEpigenetic clocksFrailtyMetabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and aging research.
  • Biomarker discovery and validation.
  • Animal models in biomedical research.

Background:

  • Biological age measures overall health during aging, distinct from chronological age.
  • Existing "clocks" assess biological age and intervention efficacy in humans and animals.
  • Most clocks predict chronological age; few predict composite biological age outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first composite biological age measure for mice, termed Mouse PhenoAge.
  • To create predictive models for Mouse PhenoAge using multi-omic data.
  • To assess the utility of Mouse PhenoAge in predicting mortality and lifespan in mice.

Main Methods:

  • Developed Mouse PhenoAge based on frailty, complete blood counts, and mortality risk in mice.
  • Utilized multi-omic data, including metabolomics and DNA methylation, to build predictive clocks.
  • Validated models by assessing the association of residuals with remaining lifespan.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed Mouse PhenoAge, a composite biological age measure for mice.
  • Multi-omic models accurately predicted Mouse PhenoAge.
  • Model residuals correlated with remaining lifespan, even among mice of the same chronological age.

Conclusions:

  • Mouse PhenoAge provides a novel and accurate method for assessing biological age in mice.
  • These predictive models can improve mortality prediction in laboratory mice.
  • The approach may reduce the need for extensive and expensive survival studies in aging research.