A review of microcavitation bubbles dynamics in biological systems and their mechanical applications

In this review, the theoretical studies are presented for the microcavitation bubble dynamics problems, which mainly depend on the microcavitation models, such as the Rayleigh-Plesset model, the Church model, the diffusion-concentration model, and the Keller-Miksis model in biological systems. The various solutions to these models, which were formulated based on basic mathematical and physical concepts, are schematically presented. Moreover, these models are employed in many different physical problems, such as the treatment of cancerous tumours via a technique known as histotripsy and lipid shells of membrane cells, that employ focused ultrasonic therapy as a non-invasive tissue ablation method. Using the mechanical action of bubble clouds, historic triumph destroys tissue differently than the thermally ablative techniques of therapeutic ultrasonography. Also, lipid-coated microbubbles are used in different therapeutic applications. Besides, the effect of different physical coefficients on Newtonian, non-Newtonian fluids, and viscoelastic media studied by numerical and analytical methods with external fields is examined for incompressible fluid states, and the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic equations are investigated. It is anticipated that this work will serve as a valuable guide for the use of microcavitations in many medicinal applications, such as histotripsy, lipid shells in membrane cells and diver's tissue.