Research advancements in deep eutectic solvent pretreatment technologies and bioconversion of straw biomass

Straw pretreatment technology and high-value usage are critical linkages in the current sustainable development of agriculture and the achievement of dual-carbon targets. Using effectivepretreatment technology to break down the complicated structure of straw biomass, followed by biotransformation via the action of hydrolases and microorganisms, is the critical link in the high-value usage of straw lignocellulose. In recent years, the development and application of biorefinery technology have created new prospects for the conversion of green, efficient, and low-cost straw biomass. This paper reviews the traditional methods of straw pretreatment and the emerging technologies in recent years, especially deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment, which provides a reference for the further optimization and improvement of pretreatment technology. An overview of the several biotransformation pathways and the current state of straw resource utilization was given, and possible approaches to enhancing pretreatment technology and biorefinery were explored. In the future, the realization of high-value utilization of straw in biotransformation will have a broader development prospect and research trend.