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Failure to Report Sex-Specific Risk Factors in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Research: A Scoping
Kathryn A Drury1, Josie A Seeto2, Serena Hong2
1School of Health Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Background:
Despite research identifying clear sex-specific differences in the risk profile for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), these risk factors are typically not reported in "participant characteristics" of heart failure research. This leads to an incomplete understanding of how and why female individuals are heavily predisposed to developing HFpEF.
Research Question:
To what extent do current HFpEF studies report sex-specific risk factors in their participant descriptions?
Study Design And Methods:
A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-Scoping Review guidelines. Data extracted included proportion of female and male participants, reporting of sex-neutral risk factors, and reporting of sex-specific risk factors.
Results:
None of the 68 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported sex-specific risk factors in their participant descriptions. Only 24 of 68 studies mentioned sex disaggregation in their results or statistical models.
Interpretation:
Including sex-specific risk factors of participants is essential for advancing our understanding of disease causes, improving treatment strategies, enhancing risk prediction models, and promoting equitable health care for both male and female individuals. Including sex-specific risk factors contributes to more informed decision-making in both research and clinical practice.
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