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Related Concept Videos

Slump Test01:20

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The slump test is a widely used method to measure the workability of concrete. It employs a 12-inch high truncated cone mold that tapers from eight inches at the base to four inches at the top. Before testing, the mold is securely attached to a flat base and dampened.
Concrete is poured into the mold in three layers to conduct the test. Each layer is compacted 25 times with a steel tamping rod, which has a five-eighths-inch diameter and a rounded end, to ensure even distribution and eliminate...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Evaluating fixation techniques to prevent subsidence in cervical corpectomy models using low and high-density

Tolga Türkmen1, Aydemir Kale2, Yunus Uslan3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Dörtyol State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Circumferential fixation (CF) best prevents subsidence in osteoporotic bone after corpectomy. Anterior fixation (AF) is effective for patients with normal bone density, but CF offers superior stability for those with compromised bone quality.

Keywords:
Cervical corpectomycircumferential fixationosteoporotic vertebrapolyurethane blockssubsidence

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Area of Science:

  • Spinal surgery
  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Orthopedic research

Background:

  • Spinal subsidence is a frequent complication following multisegment corpectomies.
  • Fixation methods are crucial for preventing subsidence, alongside cage characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of three fixation methods—anterior fixation (AF), posterior fixation (PF), and circumferential fixation (CF)—in preventing spinal subsidence.
  • To evaluate fixation performance in both osteoporotic (low-density bone) and normal (high-density bone) models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized low-density (LDB) and high-density (HDB) polyurethane blocks to simulate osteoporotic and normal bone.
  • Performed static mechanical tests (maximum compressive load, bending moment, stiffness) and dynamic fatigue tests.
  • Quantified the amount of subsidence for each fixation method under different bone densities.

Main Results:

  • In LDB models, maximum compressive load and stiffness significantly decreased in the order CF > PF > AF. CF showed significantly less subsidence (0.65 ± 0.10 mm) compared to PF (7.5 ± 1.58 mm) and AF (2.3 ± 1.59 mm).
  • In HDB models, maximum compressive load and stiffness also decreased in the order CF > PF > AF. Subsidence was minimal (<1 mm) across all fixation methods.
  • Anterior fixation (AF) demonstrated comparable effectiveness to other methods in high-density bone models.

Conclusions:

  • Circumferential fixation (CF) is superior in preventing subsidence in osteoporotic bone models after corpectomy.
  • Anterior fixation (AF) is a viable option for patients with high bone quality (normal bone density).
  • For patients with low bone quality, CF provides more stable fixation and may reduce the risk of subsidence and instrumentation failure.