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Perceived Zero-Sum Competition Between Asian Americans and Black Americans.

Jin X Goh1, Taylor Douglas2

  • 1University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asian and White Americans often perceive a zero-sum competition between Asian and Black Americans, believing Asian Americans lose out. This perception impacts intergroup relations and support, especially when Asian Americans view Asian-Black competition negatively.

Keywords:
Asian AmericansBlack Americansallyshipintra-minority relationszero-sum beliefs

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Intergroup Relations
  • Racial Perceptions

Background:

  • The 2023 Supreme Court affirmative action decisions highlighted tensions between Asian and Black Americans.
  • A perception of "zero-sum" competition exists, where gains for one group are seen as losses for another.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which Asian, Black, and White Americans perceive a zero-sum competition between Asian and Black individuals.
  • To examine how these zero-sum beliefs influence intergroup attitudes and support.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted with 1,475 online participants from CloudResearch.
  • Participants included Asian, Black, and White Americans who responded to surveys assessing zero-sum perceptions and intergroup attitudes.

Main Results:

  • Asian and White participants were more likely than Black participants to believe Asian Americans were losing ground to Black Americans.
  • Participants perceived Asian Americans as experiencing greater losses relative to White Americans than to Black Americans.
  • Asian Americans viewing Asian-Black relations as zero-sum showed less support for Black people and perceived less support from them.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals differential perceptions of zero-sum competition between Asian and Black Americans across racial groups.
  • Belief in Asian-White competition, conversely, was linked to increased pro-Black sentiments among Asian Americans.
  • Findings underscore the complexity of intergroup dynamics and the impact of perceived competition on racial attitudes.