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Diabetic retinal disease.

Sobha Sivaprasad1,2, Tien Yin Wong3,4, Thomas W Gardner5

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Diabetic retinal disease (DRD) impacts the entire retina, not just blood vessels. Research is advancing personalized screening, treatments, and monitoring for DRD to improve vision and reduce blindness.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy, now termed diabetic retinal disease (DRD), involves the entire retina, including neurons and glia, beyond microvasculature changes.
  • Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts retinal health, affecting visual acuity and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate research on preclinical and clinical DRD signs.
  • To associate DRD manifestations with visual acuity and patient-reported outcomes.
  • To integrate DRD features with systemic health and metabolic factors in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging data from Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network trials and other research.
  • Evaluating current management strategies for vision-threatening DRD, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.
  • Developing and assessing cost-effective, personalized screening, treatment, and monitoring strategies.

Main Results:

  • Substantial evidence exists for current management of vision-threatening DRD.
  • Progress is being made in personalized DRD management incorporating AI.
  • Novel therapies and delivery methods are under evaluation for improved durability and affordability.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing global efforts aim to better understand and manage DRD.
  • Advancements in AI and novel therapies promise improved patient outcomes and reduced global blindness burden.
  • Personalized approaches are key to enhancing vision-related quality of life for individuals with diabetes.