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Optimization of SiO2 based water-diesel emulsified fuel for engine performance and emission characteristics using
Rahul Goyal1, Vimal Kumar Pathak2, Chandrakant Sonawane3,4
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
Scientific Reports
|August 28, 2025
Summary
This study optimizes diesel engine performance using a novel water diesel emulsified fuel (WDEF) with silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). The research found optimal conditions for maximum brake thermal efficiency and reduced emissions like NOx and smoke.
Area of Science:
- Combustion and Engine Technology
- Sustainable Fuels and Alternative Energy
- Nanomaterials in Engineering Applications
Background:
- Rising global energy demand and climate change necessitate sustainable and eco-friendly alternative fuels.
- Diesel engines face challenges with emissions (NOx, smoke) and efficiency, driving research into fuel modifications.
- Water Diesel Emulsified Fuel (WDEF) with nanoparticle additives offers a potential solution for cleaner combustion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine utilizing a specific WDEF blend (D94W5S1-Si50) incorporating silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs).
- To explore the simultaneous effects of injection pressure, injection timing, and engine load on engine performance and emissions.
- To optimize engine parameters for improved efficiency and reduced pollutant formation without engine modifications.
Main Methods:
- Experimental investigation using a Taguchi L9 array design for systematic parameter variation.
- Development of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for predicting engine performance and emissions.
- Application of a Multi-Objective Prairie Dog Optimization Algorithm (MOPDO) for optimizing multiple performance and emission attributes concurrently.
Main Results:
- Maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) was achieved at 50% load, 200 bar injection pressure, and 21°bTDC injection timing.
- Minimum NOx emissions were observed at 25% load, 180 bar injection pressure, and 23°bTDC injection timing.
- Minimum smoke emissions were also recorded at 25% load, 180 bar injection pressure, and 23°bTDC injection timing, confirmed by the ANFIS model.
Conclusions:
- The integrated approach of Taguchi design, ANFIS modeling, and MOPDO algorithm provides an effective strategy for optimizing diesel engine performance with SiO2-based WDEF.
- Specific operating conditions were identified for maximizing engine efficiency and minimizing harmful emissions (NOx, smoke).
- This study presents a novel, cost-effective, and intelligent method for engine-fuel interaction analysis and optimization.
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