Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.2K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.2K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

114
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
114
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.1K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.1K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

6.3K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
6.3K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.0K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.0K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.5K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Three-dimensional culture models of hepatitis B virus infection: Progress, challenges, and opportunities.

Virology·2026
Same author

Precision control of cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics: Therapeutic prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 activators.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

CD20 tails interact with the 14-3-3/GEF-H1 complex and microtubule network upon PKCδ phosphorylation.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

Structural mimics of SARS-CoV-2.

Infection·2026
Same author

Proceedings of the second annual meeting of GenE-HumDi (COST Action 21113).

Frontiers in genome editing·2025
Same author

Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Focus on Vascular Endothelium as a Potential Therapeutic Target.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same journal

Tracking Synthetic Adhesins on Bacterial Surfaces with Immunofluorescence Microscopy.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Post-Selection Methods for Analyzing mRNA Display Selections and Optimization of Hits.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

High-Performance Computing in Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) Peptide Identification.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Engineering and Adapting Disulfide-Containing Proteins to Enable Intracellular Functionality.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

AI-Driven Protein Research: From Prediction to Design.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Methods for the In Vitro Selection of Protein and Peptide Libraries Using mRNA Display.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models
13:47

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models

Published on: March 29, 2019

9.8K

Generating mRNA Encoding Anti-HBV Designer Epigenome Modifiers.

Prashika Singh1, Tafadzwa Mlambo2, Kristie Bloom1

  • 1Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New epigenome editing tools use designer epigenome modifiers (DEMs) delivered via mRNA to target and silence chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. This approach offers a promising, non-mutagenic strategy for lasting HBV therapy.

Keywords:
CpG islandsDEMsHBVIn vitro transcription

More Related Videos

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.5K
Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models
13:47

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models

Published on: March 29, 2019

9.8K
In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.5K
Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects over 257 million people globally, causing significant mortality from liver disease.
  • Current antiviral therapies are limited in their ability to eliminate the persistent HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) reservoir.
  • Epigenome editing presents a novel, non-mutagenic strategy to target viral gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate mRNA-encoded designer epigenome modifiers (DEMs) for targeted epigenetic silencing of HBV.
  • To optimize mRNA production by removing immunostimulatory double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
  • To assess the efficacy of DEM-mediated transcriptional repression of HBV DNA in cell culture.

Main Methods:

  • Production of mRNA encoding DEMs engineered to methylate CpG islands in key HBV open reading frames (ORFs).
  • In vitro transcription of DEM sequences from the pT7(AG) platform.
  • Purification of mRNA to remove dsRNA contaminants, enhancing expression.
  • Transfection of cultured cells with synthesized mRNA and assessment of HBV DNA transcriptional repression.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of mRNA encoding DEMs designed for HBV epigenome modification.
  • Improved mRNA expression achieved through dsRNA removal protocols.
  • Demonstrated targeted transcriptional repression of HBV DNA in cultured cells mediated by DEMs.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA-delivered DEMs represent a viable strategy for epigenetic silencing of chronic HBV.
  • This approach minimizes risks of genomic integration and off-target effects associated with other gene-editing technologies.
  • Epigenetic therapy holds potential for durable therapeutic benefits in chronic HBV infection.