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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

2.7K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
2.7K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

445
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
445

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
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Pre- and Postnatal Valproate Exposure Affects Brain Development.

Michaela A Pettie1, Linda C M Wilkin-Krug2, Bart Ellenbroek3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka - University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Valproic acid exposure in rodents models autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by causing dose-dependent brain changes and behavioral alterations. Further research is needed to improve the human relevance of these animal models.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderLocomotor activityNeurodevelopmentSocial behaviourTeratogenicityUltrasonic vocalizationsValproate

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The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Valproic acid (VPA) is a known teratogen with significant impacts on brain development.
  • Animal models are crucial for understanding drug-induced neurodevelopmental effects and modeling human disorders like autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the teratogenic effects of valproic acid on brain development in rodent models.
  • To examine dose-dependent and timing-related neurobehavioral outcomes associated with VPA exposure.
  • To evaluate the utility and limitations of VPA as an animal model for autism spectrum disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies using rats and mice exposed to valproic acid.
  • Analysis of behavioral assessments (social interaction, locomotor activity) and neurobiological changes (hippocampus, cerebellum).
  • Consideration of different administration methods (oral gavage, intraperitoneal injections) and rodent strains.

Main Results:

  • Consistent reports of behavioral alterations, including impaired social interaction and altered locomotor activity, across various rodent models.
  • Observed neuronal changes, particularly in the hippocampus and cerebellum, linked to VPA exposure.
  • Evidence supporting a dose-dependent relationship between VPA exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Valproic acid exposure in rodents effectively models specific autism spectrum disorder-like behaviors and neurobiological changes.
  • Understanding dose and timing is critical for VPA's teratogenic impact on neurodevelopment.
  • While valuable, limitations exist in extrapolating findings to human conditions due to model validity challenges.