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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Integrated physics-based modeling and microfluidics for quantifying multiphase carbonate dissolution in rocks.

Junyoung Hwang1, Siqin Yu1, Cynthia M Ross1

  • 1Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA. ibattiat@stanford.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acid dissolution of carbonate rocks is key for energy applications. This study reveals that CO2 gas bubbles significantly reduce dissolution rates, a crucial finding for multiphase flow modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry and Materials Science
  • Multiphase Flow Dynamics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Acid dissolution of carbonate formations is vital for energy transition and engineering applications.
  • Dissolution dynamics are complex, influenced by flow, mineralogy, and CO2 gas bubble production, creating multiphase systems.
  • Quantifying multiphase flow effects on carbonate dissolution rates has been experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate carbonate dissolution under single and multiphase flow conditions using microfluidic devices.
  • To quantify the impact of CO2 gas bubble formation on effective reaction rates.
  • To develop and validate a machine learning-based approach for analyzing dissolution dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized microfluidic devices with carbonate-rich rock samples.
  • Employed high-speed imaging and machine learning-based image segmentation for visualization and quantification.
  • Combined ML analysis with physics-based modeling to determine reaction rates.

Main Results:

  • Validated a first-order reaction rate law for single-phase carbonate dissolution.
  • Observed a one-order-of-magnitude decrease in effective dissolution rate under multiphase conditions due to CO2 gas shielding.
  • Identified rock heterogeneity leading to porous layers that facilitate gas bubble nucleation and growth.

Conclusions:

  • Current models fail to capture the impact of gas shielding on effective reaction rates in multiphase flow.
  • The conceptual model for calcite dissolution needs revision to account for gas shielding and rock heterogeneity.
  • Findings are critical for accurate modeling of subsurface processes in energy applications.