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Genomics insight on passion fruit viral disease complexity.

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Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Virology
  • Genomics
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Passion fruit viral diseases significantly impact Kenya's passion fruit industry.
  • Woodiness disease symptoms, including fruit hardening and leaf distortion, are prevalent.
  • This is the first comprehensive study of passion fruit viral diseases in Kenya.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct comprehensive virus surveys in Kenyan passion fruit-growing regions.
  • To characterize the genomes of identified viruses and understand their genetic diversity.
  • To propose neutral nomenclature for identified viruses and inform management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Field surveys across major passion fruit-growing counties in Kenya.
  • Genomic sequencing of viral isolates, including complete genome assembly.
  • Phylogenetic and recombination analyses to determine viral relationships and introductions.
  • Symptom correlation studies to understand coinfection impacts.

Main Results:

  • Identified Ugandan passiflora virus (UPV) and East Asian passiflora distortion virus (EAPDV) as major pathogens.
  • Sequenced 23 complete UPV genomes and 2 EAPDV genomes from Kenya.
  • UPV strains showed 99% nucleotide identity to Ugandan isolates; EAPDV showed 66% identity to UPV.
  • Detected distinct phylogenetic lineages suggesting multiple introductions and potential synergistic coinfections.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed renaming EAPDV to Passiflora distortion virus (PDV) and UPV to Passiflora virus (PV).
  • Highlighted the role of coinfections in exacerbating disease severity.
  • Recommended stringent management, enhanced surveillance, and improved nursery certification to protect the industry.