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Lifetime Sunlight Exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Incident Case-Control Study.

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Sunlight exposure during adolescence and early adulthood significantly lowers breast cancer risk in Iranian women. Cumulative lifetime exposure also shows protective effects, suggesting public health strategies promoting moderate sun exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists on the link between sunlight exposure and breast cancer (BC) risk.
  • Understanding critical exposure periods is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between sunlight exposure at different life stages and breast cancer risk in Iranian females.
  • To identify potential protective effects of sunlight exposure for breast cancer prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study involving 600 breast cancer cases and 600 controls (aged 18-75) in Iran (2021-2023).
  • Sunlight exposure (hours/day) was assessed for adolescence, early adulthood, post-30 years, and lifetime, during summer and winter.
  • Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Increased sunlight exposure during adolescence was linked to significantly lower breast cancer odds (winter OR 0.84; summer OR 0.89).
  • No association was found for exposure after age 30.
  • Lifetime sunlight exposure demonstrated a dose-response protective effect against breast cancer (winter OR 0.84; summer OR 0.91).

Conclusions:

  • Sunlight exposure during adolescence and early adulthood is associated with reduced breast cancer risk.
  • Cumulative lifetime sunlight exposure offers protective benefits for Iranian women.
  • Findings support public health initiatives encouraging moderate sun exposure during key developmental periods.