The evolution of training in robotic colorectal surgery

The integration of robotic technology into colorectal surgery has transformed surgical practice, demanding advancements in training methods. This narrative review explores the evolution of training in robotic colorectal surgery, from early observational learning and manual mentorship to the incorporation of simulation-based training, structured curricula, and competency-based assessments. Key milestones include the development of validated metrics, the adoption of virtual reality and augmented reality platforms, and the establishment of dedicated robotic fellowships and certification frameworks. The review also highlights ongoing challenges such as access to training, standardization across institutions, and the need for evidence-based evaluation of training outcomes. As robotic platforms continue to evolve, so too must the educational strategies that prepare surgeons for safe and effective practice. Future directions point toward greater integration of artificial intelligence, real-time performance feedback, and global collaboration in curriculum design.