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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment
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Quantitative genetics of microbiome-mediated traits.

Bob Week1,2,3, Peter L Ralph1, Hannah F Tavalire1,4

  • 1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|August 29, 2025
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Summary

This study integrates host genetics and microbiome influences into evolutionary theory. It shows how microbes can drive host trait evolution through various inheritance patterns, impacting host adaptation.

Keywords:
geneticsgenomicsheritabilityhost–microbiometransmission

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Multicellular organisms harbor complex microbial communities (microbiomes) that can influence host fitness.
  • The evolutionary impact of host-microbiome interactions is not fully understood due to a lack of integrated theoretical frameworks.
  • Phenotypic variation arises from both host genetics and microbial associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend quantitative genetic theory to incorporate host-associated microbes as a source of phenotypic variation.
  • To develop a framework for predicting microbiome-mediated host responses to selection.
  • To generalize heritability concepts to include microbial contributions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a quantitative genetic framework incorporating host alleles and microbiome components.
  • Introduced methods to partition microbiomes for predicting selection responses.
  • Applied the framework to a simulation model of microbiome inheritance.

Main Results:

  • Host-associated microbes, alongside host genetics, explain quantitative trait variation.
  • Microbiome-mediated selection responses can occur through vertical and non-vertical transmission modes.
  • The contribution of non-vertical microbial transmission to host evolution depends on host life history.

Conclusions:

  • This work provides a foundational framework for integrating microbiome effects into evolutionary biology.
  • It enables a more comprehensive understanding of host variation and adaptation in the context of their associated microbes.
  • Future research can build upon this framework to explore diverse host-microbiome systems.