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Related Experiment Video

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Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
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Crossmodal response precueing: age-related differences in action preparation.

Ludivine A P Schils1, Iring Koch1, Pi-Chun Huang2

  • 1Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Older adults showed improved action preparation with response modality precues. However, spatial precues led to speed-accuracy tradeoffs, especially with longer preparation times, highlighting challenges in maintaining abstract spatial codes.

Keywords:
AuditionCrossmodal cueingManual responsesResponse precueingVisionVocal responses

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Factors
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Action preparation is crucial for efficient task performance.
  • Crossmodal precueing paradigms investigate how sensory cues influence motor responses.
  • Age-related differences in cognitive processing, particularly in action preparation, are significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of crossmodal response precueing on action preparation in young and older adults.
  • To compare the effectiveness of response-modality versus spatial precues.
  • To examine how preparation time influences performance across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • A crossmodal visual-auditory precueing paradigm was employed with young (18-30 years) and older (60-77 years) adults.
  • Participants performed a four-choice task with informative (response-modality or spatial) and uninformative precues.
  • The cue-target interval (CTI) was manipulated to assess the effect of preparation time.

Main Results:

  • Response-modality precues yielded better performance than spatial or uninformative precues.
  • Older adults showed a greater benefit from extended preparation time with response-modality precues compared to young adults.
  • Spatial precues resulted in a speed-accuracy tradeoff for older adults, with faster responses but increased errors, especially at longer CTIs.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults struggle to maintain abstract spatial response codes without effector modality specification, particularly with prolonged preparation.
  • Both age groups are efficient in complex multimodal settings when cued for a specific response modality.
  • Findings underscore the importance of effector-specific cues for optimizing action preparation in older adults.