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Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
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Eye Movements During Pareidolia: Exploring Biomarkers for Thinking and Perception Problems on the Rorschach.

Mellisa Boyle1, Barry Dauphin2, Harold H Greene2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; mellisa.boyle@utoledo.edu.

Journal of Eye Movement Research
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eye movements (EMs) can signal cognitive disturbances, with more exploration but less efficiency linked to thinking problems. These eye movement patterns may serve as biomarkers for early detection of potential mental health concerns.

Keywords:
Rorschacheye movementseye-trackingpareidoliaperception and thinking problems

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Eye movements (EMs) are increasingly recognized for their potential as biomarkers in understanding cognitive and perceptual processes.
  • Disordered thinking is often associated with subtle alterations in cognitive and perceptual functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between specific eye movement (EM) indices and indicators of perception and thinking problems within the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS).
  • To explore the utility of EM patterns as potential biomarkers for cognitive disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty non-clinical participants completed the Rorschach test while their eye movements were tracked.
  • Data analysis focused on EM variables related to the Perception and Thinking Problems Domain of R-PAS, including WSumCog, SevCog, and FQo%.

Main Results:

  • Increased cognitive disturbances correlated with heightened exploratory eye activity but diminished processing efficiency.
  • Regression analyses indicated that cognitive variables (e.g., WSumCog) were stronger predictors of these issues than perceptual variables (e.g., FQo%).
  • There was limited concordance between R-PAS performance-based measures and self-report measures (BSI), highlighting the value of multi-method assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Eye movement patterns during cognitive tasks may function as objective biomarkers for detecting cognitive disturbances and potential thinking problems.
  • These findings support the integration of eye-tracking technology with psychometric assessments for enhanced diagnostic and research capabilities.
  • Further research into EM patterns for psychotic-spectrum processes in diverse populations is warranted.