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Parent-to-child physical aggression, neighborhood cohesion, and development of children's internalizing and

Elizabeth M Riina1, Anne Martin2, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn2

  • 1Queens College, CUNY, United States.

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
|August 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Child age influences the impact of parent-child physical aggression (PCPA) on behavioral problems. Neighborhood cohesion can protect older children experiencing PCPA, reducing internalizing issues.

Area of Science:

  • Child psychology
  • Developmental psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Parent-child physical aggression (PCPA) is a risk factor for child behavioral problems.
  • Understanding moderating factors like age and protective factors like social cohesion is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how child age moderates the link between PCPA and internalizing/externalizing problems.
  • To investigate neighborhood social cohesion as a protective factor against PCPA's effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2810 caregivers in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN).
  • Employed multilevel growth models to analyze associations and moderation effects.
  • Assessed child age (3-15 years) and neighborhood social cohesion.

Main Results:

  • Age moderated PCPA's association with internalizing problems (stronger in older children).
  • Age also moderated PCPA's association with externalizing problems (stronger in younger children).
  • Neighborhood cohesion mitigated internalizing problems for older children (11+ years) exposed to PCPA.

Conclusions:

  • Child age critically influences vulnerability to PCPA, with different age groups affected by distinct problem types.
  • Neighborhood social cohesion offers a protective buffer, particularly for older children experiencing PCPA and internalizing difficulties.

Keywords:
Developmental trajectoriesExternalizingInternalizingNeighborhood cohesionParent–child physical aggression

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