Coronary microvascular dysfunction: a review of its association with extracardiac organ pathologies

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Systemic Pathology

Background:

• Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events.
• Emerging evidence suggests associations between CMD and various extracardiac conditions, including cerebrovascular, renal, pulmonary, retinal, hepatic, and immune system diseases, as well as cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the current evidence on the interplay between CMD and systemic diseases.
• To highlight the potential shared pathological mechanisms underlying these associations.
• To emphasize the need for integrated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CMD and related systemic conditions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of studies investigating the relationship between CMD and extracardiac pathologies.
• Analysis of evidence for shared pathophysiological pathways.
• Synthesis of findings to identify gaps in current knowledge.

Main Results:

• Evidence supports a link between CMD and a spectrum of systemic diseases beyond cardiovascular conditions.
• Potential common pathophysiological mechanisms are suggested but require further elucidation.
• The relationship between CMD and extracardiac pathologies is complex and multifactorial.

Conclusions:

• CMD is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with implications for multiple organs.
• A deeper understanding of the CMD-systemic disease interplay is crucial for advancing clinical practice.
• Integrated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are warranted to address the multifaceted nature of CMD.