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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Computer Vision and Image Processing
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • High-frequency phase unwrapping is crucial for accurate 3D shape reconstruction in fringe projection profilometry (FPP).
    • Existing methods often face a trade-off between robustness and efficiency, particularly at high frequencies.
    • Robust segmentation of fringe periods and precise phase recovery are persistent challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel framework, virtual gratings and hybrid phase unwrapping (VGHPU), for addressing high-frequency phase unwrapping challenges in FPP.
    • To enhance the robustness and efficiency of 3D reconstruction in FPP systems.
    • To achieve accurate geometric and surface color reconstruction with minimal projection data.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of expanded Gray-code (EGC) for robust fringe period segmentation.
    • Utilization of virtual grating-based demodulation exploiting spatial phase-shift characteristics.
    • Combination of EGC and virtual gratings for hybrid phase unwrapping.
    • Employing only three auxiliary projections for phase recovery.

    Main Results:

    • VGHPU framework successfully achieves reliable high-frequency phase unwrapping.
    • The method demonstrates robustness and efficiency in complex object reconstruction.
    • Accurate reconstruction of both geometry and surface color was validated using fringe patterns with 76 periods.

    Conclusions:

    • VGHPU offers a significant advancement in high-frequency phase unwrapping for FPP.
    • The framework provides a robust and efficient solution for 3D shape and color measurement.
    • The successful reconstruction of complex objects validates the practical applicability of VGHPU.