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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
Published on: July 28, 2023
Bulk-to-surface coupling of spatiotemporal vortices
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We consider the coupling of bulk space-time-structured waves, such as spatiotemporal vortex pulses (STVPs), to surface waves, such as surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs). For resonant coupling that preserves the frequency and tangent wavevector components, it is challenging to transfer the space-time wave structure because of the difference between the bulk and surface-wave dispersions. We describe three mechanisms allowing for the bulk-to-surface conversion of STVPs: (i) a suitable tilt of the pulse spectrum in the (ω,k) space; (ii) confinement of the incident pulse in the direction orthogonal to the vortex; and (iii) the losses in surface waves. We supply general considerations with numerical simulations of the STVP-to-SPP coupling at a dielectric-prism/metal-film interface.
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