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Mapping Vaccine Sentiment by Analyzing Spanish-Language Social Media Posts and Survey-Based Public Opinion: Dual

Agnes Huguet-Feixa1,2,3,4, Wasim Ahmed5, Eva Artigues-Barberà2,4,6,7

  • 1Centre d'Atenció Primària Rambla Ferran, Institut Català de la Salut, Lleida, Spain.

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A significant portion of social media users encountered vaccine misinformation, leading to vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Analysis of social media posts revealed predominantly negative vaccine sentiments, particularly from South America.

Keywords:
SpainSpanishanti-vaccination movementcommunicationhealth informationimmunizationinternetmisinformationnegative sentimentpublic opinionssocial mediasurveyvaccination refusalvaccine hesitancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Media Analysis
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Social media is a primary source for health information.
  • Exposure to critical and erroneous vaccine content on social media correlates with vaccine delays and refusal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of social networks on vaccine information access and perception.
  • To quantify engagement with vaccine content on social media and analyze sentiments in Spanish and Catalan posts on X (formerly Twitter).

Main Methods:

  • An observational internet-based survey of adults in Spain (2021).
  • Sentiment analysis and geolocation of Spanish and Catalan posts on X (March-December 2021).
  • Social network analysis to identify key user communities discussing vaccines.

Main Results:

  • 85.7% of survey respondents used social networks; 66% encountered antivaccine information.
  • 24.3% of those exposed to misinformation experienced vaccine doubts, and 13.3% refused at least one vaccine.
  • Analysis of 479,734 posts showed 54.44% were negative, with geographic variations in sentiment.

Conclusions:

  • High exposure to vaccine misinformation on social media is prevalent.
  • Negative vaccine sentiments, particularly from South America, were identified through social media analysis.
  • Thematic analysis of social media conversations offers insights into public vaccine opinions.