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Comparison of eDNA with conventional infauna sampling when assessing pollution impacts.

Lara Denis-Roy¹, Scott D Ling², Levente Bodrossy³

¹Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, 7004, Tasmania, Australia; Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, 7004, Tasmania, Australia.

Marine Pollution Bulletin

|August 29, 2025

Summary

Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods show promise for marine pollution monitoring. This study found eDNA assays were more sensitive to heavy metals, while traditional macrobenthos sampling better detected organic pollutants.

Keywords:

16S rRNA 18S rRNA Benthos COI Leray Estuary Metabarcoding

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Area of Science:

Marine ecology
Environmental science
Molecular biology

Background:

Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are emerging for marine ecosystem monitoring.
Validation against traditional methods like macrobenthos sampling is crucial for assessing marine pollution.
Benthic assemblages are key indicators of marine pollutant impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the sensitivity of eDNA metabarcoding assays (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, COI) with traditional macrobenthos sampling.
To evaluate the effectiveness of these methods in detecting marine pollutant impacts.
To assess the performance of eDNA and macrobenthos in response to different pollutant types.

Main Methods:

Sampling of environmental and pollutant parameters in southeastern Australia.
Application of three eDNA metabarcoding assays (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, mitochondrial COI).
Traditional macrobenthos sampling using a van Veen grab.

Main Results:

Both eDNA metabarcoding and macrobenthos sampling detected pollutant-associated impacts.
eDNA metabarcoding showed higher sensitivity to heavy metal pollutants.
Macrobenthos sampling was more responsive to organic pollutants.

Conclusions:

eDNA metabarcoding and macrobenthos sampling are both valuable tools for detecting marine pollution impacts.
Each method exhibits distinct sensitivities to different pollutant types, suggesting complementary roles in monitoring.
Further research can refine eDNA approaches for comprehensive marine pollution assessment.