An insight review on the potential anti-hypertensive effects of Moringa oleifera

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring natural products for managing hypertension, with Moringa oleifera emerging as a promising natural candidate for blood pressure regulation. This review investigates the anti-hypertensive potential of M. oleifera and its bioactive constituents, including moringin, phenolic acids, flavonoids, astragalin, and minerals, which have been identified for their vasodilatory, antioxidant, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties. The data was collected from various databases, including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Directory of Open Access Journals. Essential bioactive components of M. oleifera facilitate vasodilation by elevating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and inhibiting ACE, thereby diminishing vascular resistance. Furthermore, M. oleifera demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that alleviate endothelial dysfunction, promote diuresis by increasing sodium and water excretion, and enhance lipid profiles by reducing LDL and triglyceride levels. In addition, the high nutritional content of this plant, which includes potassium, magnesium, and calcium, contributes to further support cardiovascular health. Additionally, the stability, bioactivity, and controlled release of Moringa compounds have been improved by advancements in nanoformulation, including green synthesis, lipid-based systems, and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery technologies. These data confirm the therapeutic potential of M. oleifera as a supplementary treatment in hypertension therapy. Nevertheless, it warrants further investigation to elucidate its clinical utility and safety profile.