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Profiling mouse behavior with computational tools to assess age-dependent differences in associative learning.

Marc Canela-Grimau¹, Julia S Pinho¹, Arnau Busquets-Garcia¹

¹Cell-Type Mechanisms in Normal and Pathological Behavior Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

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Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Second-order conditioning (SOC) in mice reveals that learned responses to a second stimulus (CS2) are distinct from first-order responses (CS1). Aging impairs CS2 responses, highlighting SOC complexity and the utility of advanced behavioral analysis.

Keywords:

CP: Neuroscience SOC age-dependent learning deficits associative learning behavioral profiling second-order conditioning sex differences in behavior supervised behavior analysis unsupervised behavior analysis

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Animal Behavior
Computational Biology

Background:

Second-order conditioning (SOC) is a learning process where a neutral stimulus acquires associative value through its connection with a previously conditioned stimulus.
Understanding the neural and behavioral mechanisms of SOC is crucial for deciphering associative learning.
Traditional behavioral measures often lack the resolution to capture nuanced changes in animal responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a comprehensive behavioral analysis pipeline for studying SOC in mice.
To investigate how second-order stimuli (CS2) elicit responses distinct from first-order stimuli (CS1).
To examine the influence of age and sex on SOC-related behavioral responses.

Main Methods:

A light-tone second-order conditioning (SOC) paradigm was employed in mice.
Advanced computational tools including DeepLabCut, Keypoint-MoSeq, and DeepOF were utilized for detailed behavioral analysis.
Behavioral responses were evaluated across different ages and sexes.

Main Results:

Responses to the second-order stimulus (CS2) were confirmed to be driven by its association with the first-order stimulus (CS1).
CS1 elicited immobility, while CS2 evoked a distinct repertoire of behaviors, including immobility and escape actions, indicating response reorganization.
Older mice showed deficits in CS2 responses, suggesting age-related impairments in higher-order associative learning, irrespective of sex.

Conclusions:

Second-order conditioning (SOC) involves a reorganization of behavioral responses rather than a simple replication of first-order associations.
Data-driven behavioral analysis provides higher resolution insights into associative learning than traditional methods.
Aging significantly impacts the ability to respond to second-order conditioned stimuli, underscoring the vulnerability of complex associative learning processes to age-related decline.