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Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

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Surgeon Skill Level, Experience, and Impact on Patient Outcomes: Rethinking Research Paradigms in Spine Surgery.

Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Morgan P Lorio^1,2, Óscar L Alves^3,4,5

¹Advanced Orthopedics, Altamonte Springs, FL, USA.

International Journal of Spine Surgery

|August 29, 2025

Summary

Spine surgery outcomes depend heavily on surgeon skill, which traditional research methods like randomized controlled trials often overlook. A broader research approach incorporating surgical expertise is needed to improve patient care.

Keywords:

Spine surgery research clinical outcomes continuous professional development proficiency-based training real-world evidence spine surgery innovation surgeon expertise surgical skill

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An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Medical Research Methodology

Background:

Spine surgery success is significantly influenced by surgeon expertise.
Traditional research (RCTs, meta-analyses) may not adequately capture surgeon variability.
Skill-dependent specialties require nuanced research approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine limitations of current research in skill-dependent spine surgery.
To advocate for integrating surgeon expertise into research paradigms.
To propose alternative methodologies for evaluating surgical skill.

Main Methods:

Perspective article analysis of existing research limitations.
Discussion of alternative research methodologies.
Emphasis on structured training and proficiency-based education.

Main Results:

Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have limitations in skill-driven fields.
Observational studies, outcome tracking, and registries can better reflect real-world complexities.
Structured training and continuous professional development are crucial.

Conclusions:

A paradigm shift in spine surgery research is necessary.
Integrating surgeon expertise alongside traditional evidence is vital.
Focusing on skill development will enhance patient outcomes and innovation.