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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

26
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
26
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

25
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
25
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

38
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
38
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

17
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
17
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

27
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
27
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

31
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
31

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Related Experiment Video

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A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents
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Rhodococcus equi Endocarditis in Prosthetic Valve of a Heart Transplant Recipient.

Siddartha Guru1, Omaima Ali1, Nadim Jaafar2

  • 1Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

JACC. Case Reports
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Rhodococcus equi can cause serious infections like pneumonia and bacteremia in immunocompromised individuals. This case highlights a rare instance of R. equi endocarditis in a prosthetic heart valve.

Keywords:
bacteremiacavitary pneumoniaimmunocompromised hostzoonotic infections

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Transplantation

Background:

  • Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive bacterium, is commonly found in soil and animal manure.
  • Infections with R. equi primarily affect immunocompromised hosts, leading to pneumonia and bacteremia.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old heart transplant recipient presented with prolonged cough, diarrhea, and weight loss.
  • The patient exhibited cavitary pneumonia and persistent R. equi bacteremia.
  • Echocardiography revealed thickening and mild regurgitation of the bioprosthetic aortic valve with mobile echodensity.

Findings:

  • This is the first reported case of R. equi endocarditis involving a prosthetic valve in an immunocompromised patient.
  • R. equi infection can manifest as cavitary pneumonia and bacteremia in this population.
  • Discontinuation of immunosuppression led to bacteremia clearance but was followed by respiratory failure, potentially due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Implications:

  • R. equi should be considered a rare but serious cause of endocarditis, particularly in prosthetic valves of immunocompromised patients.
  • Management strategies include combination antibiotics, careful adjustment of immunosuppression, and potential surgical intervention.
  • Prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving patient survival in such complex cases.