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Artificial intelligence for TB education and counselling: a modified Delphi consensus
J N Ngiam1, M C Y Koh1, L D'Ambrosio2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore.
Summary
Artificial intelligence chatbots can answer general tuberculosis (TB) questions accurately but may provide outdated information. Healthcare professionals are essential for current, individualized TB care.
Area of Science:
- Medical Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Public Health
Background:
- Effective tuberculosis (TB) care necessitates robust health education and patient counseling.
- Current counseling is time-intensive, addressing TB transmission, risk, disease, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Evaluating AI chatbot performance against expert opinion is crucial for TB patient support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the quality of AI chatbot responses for tuberculosis (TB) patient education.
- To compare AI-generated TB information against global TB expert consensus.
- To determine the utility of AI chatbots in TB care and control.
Main Methods:
- An AI chatbot (TBCA) was developed using GPT-4, trained on TB guidelines.
- The TBCA was tested with 39 common questions from TB patients and caregivers.
- Global TB experts evaluated response quality using a modified Delphi consensus approach.
Main Results:
- The TBCA provided accurate answers across TB epidemiology, clinical presentation, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment domains.
- Responses cited sources and appropriately directed users to healthcare providers.
- Outdated information (e.g., multidrug-resistant TB definition) and diagnostic test confusion were noted.
Conclusions:
- Large language models offer accurate general TB information but may lack current context or be outdated.
- AI chatbot advice is generally safe and helpful, but not a substitute for professional medical guidance.
- Healthcare professionals remain indispensable for ensuring up-to-date and personalized TB treatment advice.
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