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Related Concept Videos

Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Assaying Proteasomal Degradation in a Cell-free System in Plants
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Published on: March 26, 2014

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Autophagic cell death in plants.

Md Arif Sakil1, Prodipto Bishnu Angon1, Mohammed Arif Sadik Polash2,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Plant & Cell Physiology
|August 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process, can lead to cell survival or programmed cell death (PCD). This review focuses on autophagic cell death (ACD) mechanisms in plants and their role in stress responses.

Keywords:
ATGautophagycell deathdevelopmentstress

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process crucial for cellular homeostasis.
  • It degrades cytoplasmic components via autophagosomes fusing with lysosomes.
  • While known for stress adaptation, autophagy also mediates programmed cell death (PCD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological functions of autophagy.
  • To emphasize recently identified mechanisms of autophagic cell death (ACD) in plants.
  • To explore the role of ACD in plant stress responses and development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autophagy research.
  • Focus on studies investigating autophagic cell death (ACD) in plants.
  • Analysis of molecular and physiological data related to ACD.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy plays a dual role, promoting either cell survival or PCD.
  • Specific ACD mechanisms in plants are increasingly being elucidated.
  • ACD is implicated in plant development and responses to environmental stress.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy's role extends beyond survival to include programmed cell death.
  • Understanding ACD in plants offers insights into plant resilience and development.
  • Further research is needed to fully unravel the complexities of ACD in plants.