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Congenital bronchial atresia: a case report

Kostadin Ketev1, Ivanka Karavelikova1, Daniela Milanova-Ilieva2

  • 1Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Folia Medica
|August 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Congenital bronchial atresia, a rare condition, can cause recurrent lung infections in children. Early diagnosis through imaging is crucial for effective treatment and improved respiratory health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

  • Congenital bronchial atresia is a rare developmental anomaly of the airways.
  • Recurrent pulmonary infections and persistent chest pain are common symptoms in affected children.
  • Standard antibiotic treatments may be ineffective for underlying congenital causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of congenital bronchial atresia.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering congenital abnormalities in pediatric respiratory cases.
  • To underscore the need for early recognition and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 12-year-old boy with persistent respiratory symptoms.
  • Review of clinical course and diagnostic imaging, including computed tomography (CT).
  • Evaluation of treatment response to broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • Computed tomography confirmed bronchial atresia as the underlying cause.
  • Symptoms persisted despite a month of antibiotic therapy, indicating a non-infectious etiology.
  • The case illustrates the limitations of conventional treatment for congenital airway anomalies.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital bronchial atresia requires consideration in pediatric patients with refractory pulmonary symptoms.
  • Early identification through imaging is key to timely therapeutic interventions.
  • Prompt management can prevent complications and enhance long-term respiratory outcomes.

Keywords:
bronchial atresia congenital anomaly bronchocele hyperinflation

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