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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

Cardiovascular-Focused Messaging to Improve Influenza Vaccination Rates.

Ankeet S Bhatt^1,2, Natalia C Berry^3,4, Rishi V Parikh^1,2

¹Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA.

|August 30, 2025

Summary

Cardiovascular-focused messaging did not increase influenza vaccination rates in a large U.S. trial. This study highlights the feasibility of conducting large, embedded trials for public health interventions.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Preventive Medicine
Health Communication

Background:

Influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal in the U.S.
Previous studies in Denmark showed cardiovascular messaging increased vaccination uptake.
The effectiveness of this strategy in a diverse U.S. population was unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of cardiovascular-focused messaging on influenza vaccination rates in a diverse U.S. population.
To assess the feasibility of conducting large, embedded trials for public health interventions.

Main Methods:

A prospective, randomized, open, blinded end-point trial was conducted.
3,668,428 adults were randomized to receive either cardiovascular-focused messaging or usual care messaging at two trial time points.
The primary end point was influenza vaccination receipt.

Main Results:

The overall vaccination rate was 32.46%.
Cardiovascular-focused messaging did not significantly increase influenza vaccination rates compared to usual care (32.41% vs. 32.60%).
Time to vaccination did not differ between groups.

Conclusions:

A cardiovascular-focused nudge intervention did not improve influenza vaccination rates in a large U.S. health system.
The trial demonstrated the feasibility of conducting large, care-embedded trials for public health interventions.
Further research may be needed to identify effective strategies for increasing influenza vaccination rates.