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Related Concept Videos

Covalent Bonds01:08

Covalent Bonds

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Overview
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally,...
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Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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Covalent bonds are formed between two atoms when both have similar tendencies to attract electrons to themselves (i.e., when both atoms have identical or fairly similar ionization energies and electron affinities). Nonmetal atoms frequently form covalent bonds with other nonmetal atoms. For example, the hydrogen molecule, H2, contains a covalent bond between its two hydrogen atoms. When two separate hydrogen atoms with a particular potential energy approach each other, their valence orbitals...
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Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
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Covalent Bifunctional Molecules (CBMs): Achievements and Challenges.

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Covalent Modulating Biomolecules (CBMs) are advancing targeted therapies by forming stable bonds with proteins. This review details CBM progress since 2001, highlighting their potential for drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Covalent Modulating Biomolecules (CBMs) represent a significant advancement in targeted therapeutics.
  • CBMs form stable covalent bonds with specific proteins of interest (POIs), offering precise modulation of protein function.
  • They are crucial for addressing challenges like drug-resistant diseases, undruggable targets, and chronic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify CBMs based on their covalent bond formation targets.
  • To review the progress of CBMs in drug discovery since 2001.
  • To discuss design principles, molecular composition, covalent properties, and reaction efficiencies of CBMs.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of CBMs by covalent bond formation.
  • Review of literature on CBMs published since 2001.
  • Analysis of CBM design, composition, properties, and efficiency.

Main Results:

  • CBMs demonstrate high specificity and potency in modulating protein function.
  • Progress since 2001 reveals significant innovations in CBM design and application.
  • Key factors influencing CBM success include design principles, molecular composition, and reaction efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • CBMs hold immense potential for developing novel therapeutics against challenging diseases.
  • Continued innovation in covalent chemistry is vital for unlocking the full potential of CBMs.
  • This field is critical for future breakthroughs in precision medicine and drug discovery.