Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Study and Wastewater Remediation by Selenium Nanoparticles of Hesperidin

Nanotechnology has opened several applications in engineering, waste management and biomedical science. Metal nanoparticles of inorganic metals have unique electrical, magnetic, optical and physicochemical properties, making them superior to bulk metals. Selenium nanoparticles are less toxic than inorganic selenium, which has a narrow therapeutic index and high toxicity. In this study, we synthesised selenium nanoparticles conjugated to hesperidin (HSP-SeNPs) using a chemical reduction method and characterised them using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The efficacy of the HSP-SeNPs was assessed for biomedical applications and wastewater remediation through in vitro antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS) and antidiabetic studies (inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase). Some anionic azo dyes, cationic dyes and nitro compounds are included for photocatalytic and kinetic studies for their degradation and reduction. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of HSP-SeNPs was found to be significant (p < 0.05) compared to standard and pure HSP. The degradation and reduction of organic pollutants (methyl orange, bromophenol blue, methylene blue and 4-nitrophenol) were completed within 65, 70, 45 and 60 min, following first-order kinetics with rate constants of 9.5 × 10^-3/min, 8.3 × 10^-3/min, 13.3 × 10^-3/min and 7.6 × 10^-3/min, respectively. The study concludes that HSP-SeNPs can be utilised to manage various oxidative stress-induced diseases and facilitate wastewater remediation.