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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Roles of endothelial cells during infection.

Zihan Ma1, Richard W Pierce2, Carrie L Lucas3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, VA West Haven Medical Center, West Haven, CT, United States of America; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.

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Endothelial cells (ECs) shift from passive conduits to active players in infection-induced inflammation. Targeting EC dysfunction offers new therapeutic avenues for acute and chronic infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Endothelial cells (ECs) traditionally viewed as passive conduits.
  • ECs are now recognized as active participants in inflammation.
  • Dysfunctional ECs contribute to pathologies in acute and chronic infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual immune and vascular roles of blood ECs.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting EC dysfunction.
  • To discuss EC involvement in infection-related pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endothelial cell function in infection.
  • Analysis of EC roles in acute and chronic infection models.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of EC-immune interplay.

Main Results:

  • ECs actively contribute to maladaptive inflammation during infection.
  • EC dysfunction promotes tissue pathologies like hypoxia and capillary breakdown.
  • Chronic EC dysfunction can lead to vascular malformations and lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting dysregulated EC functions presents therapeutic opportunities.
  • Modulating ECs may improve outcomes for acute and chronic infections.
  • Understanding ECs' immune and vascular roles is crucial for future treatments.