CCR5 as a key modulator in neurocognitive disorders

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is recognized for its role in immune responses and HIV entry.
• Emerging evidence highlights CCR5's critical involvement in central nervous system functions, including neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity.
• CCR5 is implicated in a wide range of neurological disorders, affecting cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted role of CCR5 in neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function.
• To explore CCR5's involvement in various neurocognitive disorders and its pathological mechanisms.
• To discuss the therapeutic potential and complexities of targeting CCR5 for neurocognitive disorders.

Main Methods:

• Integrative review of existing literature on CCR5 in neurological disorders.
• Analysis of CCR5's role in neuroinflammatory cascades and disease-specific pathologies.
• Evaluation of studies on genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of CCR5.

Main Results:

• CCR5 is upregulated in neurons and glial cells across multiple neurological conditions, regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal injury.
• CCR5 inhibition demonstrates potential in preclinical models to reduce neuroinflammation, preserve brain function, and improve cognition.
• Divergent findings suggest a complex, context-dependent role for CCR5, with some studies indicating protective effects.

Conclusions:

• CCR5 is a significant regulator of neuroinflammation and cognitive function in the central nervous system.
• Targeting CCR5 presents a potential therapeutic avenue for neurocognitive disorders, but its complex role necessitates careful consideration.
• Future research must account for genetic background, cell-specific effects, and context-specific approaches for effective CCR5-targeted interventions.