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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
 
Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution....
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
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Analyzing the Photo-oxidation of 2-propanol at Indoor Air Level Concentrations Using Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry
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Technological advances in solvents drive a significant decrease in VOC emissions and negative impacts from industrial

Zhihao Zhang1, Miaofei Wang2, Di Wang2

  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|August 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Industrial solvent use significantly reduced volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, especially from solvent-based paints, due to formulation advances. Enhanced ventilation further lowered VOC levels, improving environmental and health safety.

Keywords:
Driving factorRisk assessmentsSolvent useSolvent-based paints (SBPs)Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)Water-based paints (WBPs)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Industrial Hygiene
  • Pollution Control

Background:

  • Industrial solvent use is a primary source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, presenting environmental and health hazards.
  • Understanding the drivers of VOC reduction from specific industrial sources is crucial for effective pollution control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate VOC emission profiles from solvent-based and water-based paints in industrial settings.
  • To identify key drivers influencing VOC emissions and associated environmental/health risks.
  • To evaluate the impact of enhanced ventilation on VOC reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiments were conducted to measure VOC concentrations (fugitive and breathing zone).
  • VOC emission profiles were analyzed for both solvent-based and water-based paints.
  • Reactivity analysis was performed on emitted VOC species.
  • The effect of enhanced ventilation (high wind speed) was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Solvent-based paints showed dramatic VOC reductions (99.0-99.8%) compared to previous studies, linked to formulation advances.
  • Water-based paints consistently had low VOC levels with minor reductions.
  • Enhanced ventilation reduced VOC concentrations by 57.9% for solvent-based paints under high wind conditions.
  • A significant decrease in highly reactive VOC species was observed in solvent-based paints.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in solvent formulation have substantially reduced VOC emissions from industrial solvent use.
  • Controlling reactive and toxic VOC species is critical for mitigating risks associated with industrial solvent use.
  • Ventilation strategies can further enhance VOC reduction, particularly for solvent-based applications.