The Lutzomyia longipalpis complex: what's next?

Lutzomyia longipalpis is a phlebotomine sand fly of medico-veterinary importance and the primary vector of Leishmania infantum in the Americas. Its taxonomic status has been debated for decades, with ongoing uncertainty about whether it represents a single species or a species complex. While multiple studies support the existence of cryptic species, no formal taxonomic revision has been conducted to describe the putative species within the so-called L. longipalpis complex. A crucial step in resolving this issue is the designation of a name-bearing specimen (neotype) for L. longipalpis sensu stricto. Herein, I address the ongoing debate surrounding the L. longipalpis complex and provide insights to advance its taxonomic resolution and public health implications.