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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Multiplexed Fluorometric ImmunoAssay Testing Methodology and Troubleshooting
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent STI assays: development, current status and future perspective.

Po-Kai Chen1, Po-Liang Lu2, Etsuro Ito3

  • 1Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo. 162-8480, Japan.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi
|August 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) offer a cost-effective method for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While conventional ELISAs have limitations, newer ultrasensitive and digital ELISA technologies show promise for improved accuracy and broader adoption in STI screening.

Keywords:
Advanced ELISACommunity screeningEasy-to-operate methodEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayInfectious diseasesSexually transmitted infections

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a significant global health burden, necessitating accessible diagnostic tools.
  • The asymptomatic nature of many STIs highlights the need for sensitive and cost-effective screening methods.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in diagnostics but require evaluation for STI detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of ELISAs for diagnosing various STIs, including HIV, HPV, HSV, HBV, HCV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Treponema pallidum.
  • To compare ELISA performance with nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs).
  • To explore the potential of advanced ELISA technologies in improving STI diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current ELISA methodologies for STI detection.
  • Comparative analysis of ELISA performance against NAATs, considering factors like cost, training, and sensitivity.
  • Assessment of limitations such as cross-reactivity and delayed detection in conventional ELISAs.
  • Examination of advancements in ultrasensitive and digital ELISA technologies.

Main Results:

  • ELISAs offer advantages over NAATs, including lower costs and minimal training, making them suitable for community screening.
  • Conventional ELISAs exhibit limitations such as cross-reactivity, lower sensitivity, and delayed detection.
  • Recent advancements in ultrasensitive and digital ELISA technologies have significantly enhanced accuracy and performance.
  • ELISAs have been evaluated for a range of STIs, including HIV, HPV, HSV, HBV, HCV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Treponema pallidum.

Conclusions:

  • ELISAs present a viable, cost-effective option for STI screening and diagnosis, particularly in resource-limited settings.
  • Despite limitations of conventional methods, advancements in ELISA technology offer a promising path towards improved STI detection.
  • Further development and adoption of advanced ELISA techniques can significantly contribute to the early detection, treatment, and containment of STIs globally.