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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy
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Extended human lymph node explants for evaluation of adaptive immunity.

Kanishka Fernando1, Hong Sheng Quah2, Lisda Suteja2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Trends in Biotechnology
|August 30, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a biomaterial hydrogel to preserve patient lymph node explants ex vivo. This new model maintains structure and function, enabling better study of immune responses for vaccine and immunotherapy development.

Keywords:
biomaterialscancerhydrogelimmunitylymph nodesmRNA vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Preclinical Research

Background:

  • Lymph nodes (LNs) are crucial for adaptive immunity, antigen presentation, and immune response regulation.
  • Existing preclinical models often fail to replicate the complex spatial organization and cellular composition of LNs.
  • There is a significant need for advanced models to study LN biology and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biomaterial-based method for extending the ex vivo lifespan of patient-derived lymph node explants.
  • To create a physiologically relevant model for studying immune responses in a controlled environment.
  • To facilitate research in vaccine development and immunotherapy for cancer and infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hydrogel biomaterials to embed and preserve patient-derived lymph node explants.
  • Assessed the preservation of cellular composition and intricate spatial organization within the explants.
  • Evaluated the functional responsiveness of the explants to immune stimuli, including tumor antigens and mRNA vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogel embedding significantly extended the ex vivo lifespan of lymph node explants.
  • The explants maintained their native cellular composition and complex spatial architecture.
  • Preserved lymph node explants demonstrated functional immune responsiveness to tumor antigens and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hydrogel-embedded lymph node explant model offers a robust and physiologically relevant platform for ex vivo immune studies.
  • This model system supports the investigation of immune responses relevant to cancer and infectious diseases.
  • The platform facilitates advancements in the development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies.