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Telesurgery across continents: a scoping review.

Sidharth Misra¹, Zainab Yusufali Motiwala², Fatima Nadeem²

¹University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.

Journal of Robotic Surgery

|August 30, 2025

Summary

Intercontinental telesurgery enables remote surgeries across continents, bridging global surgical care gaps. Despite challenges like network instability, successful human surgeries demonstrate its potential for equitable access.

Keywords:

Cross-border surgery Intercontinental telesurgery Network connectivity Remote surgery collaboration Robotic surgery Telecommunication

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Area of Science:

Robotics and Telemedicine
Global Health Equity
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Limited access to safe and reliable surgery exists in many parts of the world.
Intercontinental telesurgery utilizes robotic platforms and telecommunication for remote surgical procedures.
Addressing global surgical disparities is a critical healthcare challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging technologies and infrastructure for intercontinental telesurgery.
To identify enablers and obstacles in implementing remote surgical care globally.
To synthesize current knowledge on legal, ethical, and practical aspects of telesurgery.

Main Methods:

A scoping review of peer-reviewed and gray literature from 2001-2025.
Searches conducted in databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Europe PMC.
Thematic organization of 39 selected records covering various aspects of telesurgery.

Main Results:

Human intercontinental telesurgeries were safely performed with 150-300 ms latency, comparable to local robotic surgery outcomes.
Preclinical models validated long-distance viability with stable latency using hybrid networks.
Key challenges include network instability, legal uncertainties, scalability limitations, and surgeon fatigue.

Conclusions:

Intercontinental telesurgery shows promise in reducing global surgical inequities.
Sustainable adoption requires robust infrastructure, equitable access, and ethical regulations.
Future advancements should incorporate autonomy, digital twins, and global legal frameworks for broader impact.