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Mechanism of heat transfer

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Quantifying Heat

Quantifying Heat

Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a...

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Revealing Molecule-Internal Mechanisms that Control Phonon Heat Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions by a

Matthias Blaschke¹, Fabian Pauly¹

¹Institute of Physics and Center for Advanced Analytics and Predictive Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.

|August 31, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used a genetic algorithm to find molecules with low or high thermal conductance. They identified key molecular features that control heat transport, aiding molecular phononics design.

Keywords:

genetic algorithm molecular design molecular phononics single-molecule junctions thermal conductance

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Published on: September 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Chemistry

Background:

Recent advances report measurements of thermal conductance in single-molecule junctions.
Control over heat transport via molecule-internal effects remains largely unexplored.
The vast chemical space complicates identifying molecules with extreme thermal conductance.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically search for molecules exhibiting low or high phononic thermal conductance.
To identify physical and chemical mechanisms governing phonon heat flow in molecular junctions.
To classify the significance of identified mechanisms across different theoretical levels.

Main Methods:

Utilized a genetic algorithm for a systematic search of molecular structures.
Analyzed patterns and structure-property relationships of high- and low-performing molecules.
Investigated mechanisms including linker blocks, substituents, mass disorder, interference, couplings, and molecular twist.

Main Results:

Identified specific molecular designs and features that suppress or enhance phonon transport.
Mechanisms for reducing thermal conductance include terminal linker choice, substituents, mass disorder, destructive interference, meta couplings, and molecular twist.
Optimal molecules for high thermal conductance are uniform and chain-like.

Conclusions:

The study provides a systematic approach to designing molecules for targeted thermal conductance.
Identified mechanisms offer practical guidance for controlling heat flow at the molecular level.
Findings are significant for the advancement of molecular phononics and thermal management applications.